Peripheral nerve blocks
Procedure
A nerve block uses a slim needle to inject local anaesthetic around a nerve or group of nerves to temporarily numb part of the body. It may be performed awake, with sedation or under general anaesthetic. Your anaesthetist will discuss the options for your individual case. Ultrasound or gentle electrical stimulation may be used to aid safe and accurate block placement.
Benefits
Nerve blocks can offer excellent pain relief for 2-18 hours, depending on the block and the drug used. They can reduce the need for painkillers, avoiding their side effects. They can help with earlier limb mobility, in some cases resulting in a shorter hospital stay. Some procedures can be performed under nerve blocks alone, avoiding the risk of general anaesthetic.
Risk of nerve damage
Regional anaesthesia is generally very safe but, as with all medical interventions, complications can occur. Most cases of short-term nerve damage resolve within four to six weeks. Permanent nerve damage is rare, and your anaesthetists will discuss the risks specifi9c to your case. The effects of nerve damage can include numbness, weakness and pain.
Other risks
These include infection, injury to blood vessels, bleeding and haematoma, allergy, local anaesthetic toxicity and failure to achieve the desired effect. Some upper limb blocks can cause temporary breathlessness, a hoarse voice, pupil constriction and eyelid drooping. There may be a risk of introducing air around the lung, called a pneumothorax.
Limb care
Due to decreased sensation and movement, it is very important to take care of your limb after surgery. Your limb may need support is it is weak. Avoid heat sources, machinery and appliances, as you may not be aware of injury. If numbness or weakness persists for more than 48 hours, contact the on-call anaesthetist via the Hillingdon Hospital switchboard, or attend A&E.
Alternatives
All decisions about your care are taken with you .In most cases, nerve blocks are effective and safe, but you are free to choose not to have a block. The alternatives depend on the procedure being performed; they may include a different type of anaesthesia, such as general anaesthesia, and additional strong painkillers administered during and after your operation.